Growing sesame seeds yourself can be a great way to benefit if you enjoy adding sesame to your dish. Growing sesame is super healthy and incredibly fun!
Commercial sesame cultivation is a very good business and you will make a good profit if you follow everything to the letter.
Sesame (Sesame Indicum) is actually a flowering plant of the genus Sesame (also called tipper).
The plants are actually very pretty, with pretty dark green leaves and tubular flowers that can be white or pale pink. Mature plants can grow 3 to 6 feet (depending on variety).
Sesame is widely naturalized in tropical regions around the world. Sesame is mainly grown for its edible seeds which grow into pods or loaves. Sesame has many other species, most of which are wild and native to sub-Saharan Africa.
Sesame is one of the oldest known oilseeds, having been domesticated over 3,000 years ago. It has one of the highest oils among seeds. Sesame oil has a rich, nutty flavor and is a very common ingredient in cuisines around the world.
origin
According to Wikipedia, the cultivated species Sesamum indicum is native to India. Sesame seed is considered the oldest oilseed crop known to mankind.
Archaeological remains suggest that sesame was first domesticated in the Indian subcontinent around 5,500 years ago.
Other names
Sesame is known by other names in many regions and languages. He is known as Til in Hindi, Assamese and Marathi, Til in Bengali and Konkani, Tal in Gujarati, Ellu in Kannada and Malayalam, Rashi in Oriya, Tala in Sinhalese, Ell in Tamil, Nuvvulu or Noopappu in Telugu and Edme in tulus.
How to start growing sesame
Growing sesame is not that difficult, and you can actually start growing sesame if you follow all the steps very carefully. Here we try to describe more information about sesame cultivation.
Choose a good place
First of all, you need to choose a very good place to grow sesame seeds. Sesame plants generally grow very well in fertile, well-drained soil with a neutral pH.
Sesame feels great in arid conditions, but does not tolerate waterlogging. Plants need full sun to thrive and produce maximum yields.
So consider all of these factors when choosing a place to grow sesame seeds.
prepare the terrain
Sesame plants are picky about soil types, and some varieties have adapted to many soil types.
But they grow best in well-drained, light to medium-textured soil. The ideal pH level for growing sesame seeds is between 5.5 and 8.0. Acidic or alkaline soils are not suitable for growing sesame.
Soil preparation will require 1-2 plowings (one deep plowing) with 2-3 cross harrowings. At this time, apply all organic and chemical fertilizers.
For commercial production, add 10 to 12 kg of urea and 40 to 50 kg of superphosphate per acre. And apply CC if a deficiency is found.
Climatic requirements for growing sesame
Sesame is a tropical crop that requires warm conditions during its growing period. Frost, heavy rain or prolonged drought are not suitable for growing sesame.
Extreme cold and very high temperatures can affect growth. The ideal temperature for growing sesame seeds is between 25°C and 35°C.
Best time to grow sesame
The industrial production of sesame requires 90 to 120 days without frost. The Kharif season is good for growing sesame in the arid and semi-arid tropics. And the rabi, or summer season, is good for growing sesame in cooler places.
Choose the variety
There are many varieties of sesame available in many parts of the world. But you should choose a variety readily available in your area.
Some improved or hybrid sesame varieties are SVPR-1, VRI-1, VRI-2, CO-1, TMV-3, TMV-4, TMV-5, TMV-6 and TMV-7. Consult a grower or farmer in your area for good advice on choosing a good variety.
Buy seeds
After choosing a variety, buy good quality seeds in one of the markets near you.
Sesame is a common crop and the seeds should be readily available in your area. You can also order seeds online.
Seeds per acre
Sesame seeds are very small in size, so you will need fewer seeds compared to many other crops. Usually 2-2.2 kg of seed is sufficient per hectare.
planting
It will be very good to plant the seeds in rows instead of scattering them on the ground. Space the rows 10 to 12 inches apart.
Mix the seed with dry sand and spread the mixture over the furrows for even distribution (mix 1x seed with 4x dry sand).
Sow the seeds about 1/2 to 2/3 inch deep. After sowing, cover the seeds with soil and lightly water the soil.
Before sowing the seeds, treat them with Bavistine at the rate of 2 grams per 2 kg of seeds. This is necessary to prevent seed diseases.
You can thin seedlings to about 4 to 6 inches apart when they are 4 inches tall.
Care
Sesame plants generally require less maintenance than many other cash crops. But extra caution is advised.
Because extra plant care will ensure good plant growth and you can expect a good harvest.
Here we detail the additional steps to take care of growing sesame seeds.
Fertilizer: In most cases, you don’t need to add any additional fertilizer to grow sesame seeds. Your plants will grow normally if you have prepared the soil following the above systems.
Watering: Regular and adequate watering is very important for the good growth of sesame seeds. Timely and adequate irrigation also affects overall yield. Water the soil for the first time immediately after sowing the seeds. And plan an additional watering 1 week after sowing the seeds, depending on the type of soil and the climatic conditions. As soon as the seeds germinate, watering should be done 3 times in 3 critical stages. The former is at the pre-flowering stage, the latter at the flowering stage, and the latter at the pod-forming stage. Completely stop watering 65 to 70 days after sowing the seeds.
Cannabis control: Weeds consume most of the nutrients in the soil. It is therefore very important to control them. You must take the first step in weed control when preparing the soil. Then, 15-25 days after sowing the seeds, additional weeding is required. And finally, another 15-20 days after the first weeding.
Pests and diseases
Sesame generally has fewer pests and diseases. Caterpillar and root gall fly are common and major pests that you will notice when growing sesame.
Please consult an experienced farmer in your area or contact your nearest agricultural specialist office for further assistance in managing all of these pests and diseases.
Harvest
Sesame seeds are ready to harvest 3-5 months after planting the seeds (exact time depends on the variety).
But with most varieties, a harvest can be expected when the leaves, stems and bolls begin to turn yellow and the lower leaves of the plant drop off.
Do not wait until the crop is fully mature (as this will cause the seeds to drop).
Mature sesame plants should be cut at ground level and piled for 7-10 days in the sun to prepare them for the threshing process.
yield
Overall yield always depends on the variety you choose, as well as good farm management practices.
You can expect 200-500 kg per hectare of Kharif crop. And in summer 300-600 kg per hectare or robi.
The use of sesame
Sesame seeds are used in different ways. They can be eaten raw, fried or otherwise.
The seeds are used whole in cooking, primarily for their rich, nutty flavor. The seeds are sometimes added to bread, including bagels and the tops of hamburger buns.
Sesame oil is also popular in many countries. However, the uses of sesame seeds are actually many.
sesame diet
100 grams of dried whole sesame seeds contain approximately 573 calories and consist of 5% water, 12% dietary fiber, 18% protein, 23% carbohydrates and approximately 50% fat. Whole sesame seeds are rich in several vitamins and minerals.
Health benefits of sesame
Consuming whole sesame oil or seeds has many health benefits. Some of the notable health benefits of consuming sesame seeds are listed below.
- Sesame is a very good source of protein, fat, minerals and vitamins.
- Regular consumption of seeds or oil can help lower cholesterol and blood pressure.
- Regular consumption of sesame seeds aids digestion and also helps prevent diabetes.
- Eating the seeds or the oil helps relieve anemia.
- The seeds can protect your liver from alcohol.
- Regular consumption of sesame seeds or oil will help maintain bone health (and prevent osteoporosis) as well as prevent wrinkles.
That’s all ! We hope you have learned a lot about the sesame cultivation business and hope you can make a good profit this time. Good luck!
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