Wheat cultivation, like rice cultivation, is very popular in many parts of the world. It is one of the most widely grown cereals and a staple food in the world.
And wheat cultivation is practiced both on a small scale and for commercial purposes. Gradually, the commercial cultivation of wheat became very popular.
Like rice, wheatTriticum aestivum) the plant is also a grass and is grown primarily for its seeds. Wheat belongs to the genus Triticum, and there are many other types of wheat in the same genus.
The world trade in wheat is greater than that of all other crops combined. And wheat is actually grown on a larger acreage than any other food crop.
And in terms of total production, wheat is the second most productive cereal after corn.
Wheat is a very important source of carbohydrates. The global demand for wheat is gradually increasing, mainly due to the unique viscoelastic and adhesive properties of gluten proteins (which facilitate the production of processed foods).
Global wheat consumption is increasing due to the global process of industrialization and westernization of food.
origin
According to Wikipedia, “Archaeological evidence suggests that wheat was first grown in the Fertile Crescent regions around 9600 BC).
Wheat cultivation began to expand beyond the Fertile Crescent after around 8000 BC. E.
The repeated cultivation and harvesting of seeds from wild grasses led to the creation of domestic strains, with farmers preferring to choose mutant forms of wheat.
Other names
Wheat is known by many other names in many other parts of the world. In India, wheat is known by many other names in many regional languages.
His name is Gehun in Hindi, Gom in Assamese and Bengali, Ghauhn in Gujarati, Godhi in Kannada, Godambu in Malayalam, Gahu in Marathi, Gahama in Oriya, Gehu or Kanak in Punjabi, Thiringu in Sinhalese, Godhi in Telu, Godhuma and governor in Konkani.
How to start growing wheat
Growing wheat is much easier compared to many other crops. Wheat is widely grown in many parts of the world.
It is grown on 13% of India’s cultivated area (and in India, wheat is the most important food grain after rice.
However, here we describe more information about growing wheat.
Choose a good place
You need to choose a very good place with fertile soil for growing wheat. Soils with clay loam or loam structure, good structure and moderate water holding capacity are some of the ideal factors for growing wheat.
You can also choose a location with heavy soil with good drainage (dry conditions). Consider all these factors when choosing land for growing wheat.
Soil preparation
Ideally, you will need to prepare the soil for growing wheat. Plow the soil with a disc or moldboard plough.
Prepare the soil by deep plowing with an iron plow, followed by 2-3 light plows and planks. After plowing for soil preparation, it will be very good to carry out 2-3 harrowings.
The plow should be early in the morning, and sheathing – after each plowing.
When preparing the soil, apply all natural and chemical fertilizers. The exact amount of chemical fertilizer depends on the soil analysis.
For the commercial cultivation of wheat per acre, an average of 50 kg of nitrogen, 25 kg of phosphorus and 12 kg of potassium will suffice.
And add as much organic matter as you can while you prepare the soil.
Climatic requirements for growing wheat
Wheat plants can be grown in a variety of agro-climatic conditions. The plants are very adaptable, they can be grown in tropical and subtropical zones, as well as in temperate and cold regions of the Far North.
Wheat plants tolerate severe cold and snow and will resume growth with the onset of warm weather in the spring.
Wheat can be grown at altitudes ranging from sea level up to 3,300 meters. But the most suitable climate for growing wheat is wet and cool weather.
Wheat cultivation is possible in a wide range of temperatures. Plants can withstand temperatures of 3.5°C to 35°C, but the ideal temperature for growing wheat is 21°C to 26°C.
The best time to grow wheat
Wheat can be grown at any time provided it is favorable and the temperature is between 3.5°C and 35°C (although the ideal temperature for growing wheat is between 21°C and 26 °C).
Choose the variety
There are many types and varieties of wheat in the world. And there are also many varieties available in many areas.
All these varieties differ from each other in characteristics and productivity. Spelled, durum wheat, emmer, small spelled, khorasan and soft wheat or common wheat are hexaploid species.
Durum wheat, hard white, soft white, hard spring red, hard winter red, and soft winter red are some of the varieties used in the United States. In some areas, there are also many hybrid or high-yielding varieties of wheat.
Some popular wheat varieties available and grown in India are: DBW 17, HD 2851, HD 2932, HD 2967, HD 3043, HD 3086, PBW 1 Zn, Unnat PBW 343, Unnat PBW 550, PBW 725, PBW 667, PBW 502 ., PBW 660, PBW 621, PBW 175, PBW 527, PBW 291, PBW 590, PBW 373, PBW 509, PDW 233, WHD 943, TL 2908, Kalyansona, RAJ 3765, Sonalika, UP 319, UP 368, UP 2328 , up to 2338, WL 711 etc.
You can choose any variety depending on availability in your area. When choosing a variety, you should consider its availability and viability in your area.
Consult any grower in your area for advice on choosing a variety.
Buy seeds
Wheat is very common and popular all over the world. So the seeds should be readily available in your area.
Visit one of the governments closest to you. or private seed suppliers. And when buying seeds, try to buy very good quality, high-yielding, disease-free seeds from local seed growers.
Seeds per acre
Usually 40 to 50 kg of seed per acre is needed. Although the exact number of seeds needed depends on the variety and the method of sowing.
planting
Wheat seeds can be sown in different ways. Seeder, rotavator, no-till, and broadcast methods are used to sow wheat seeds.
You need to sow the seeds about 4-5 cm deep. It will be good to plant the seeds in rows. Space the rows 20 to 22.5 cm apart.
Timely planting or sowing of seeds is very important for growing wheat.
Untimely sowing leads to a gradual decrease in wheat yield. In Indian agro-climatic conditions, late October to November is considered the best time to grow wheat.
Wheat seeds must be carefully cleaned and sorted before sowing. A fungicide can be used to treat the seeds.
For seed treatment before sowing, it is sufficient to use Raxil, Vitavax, Tebuconazole and Tiram at the rate of 2 grams per kg of seed.
Care
Wheat plants are relatively hardy and strong. As a rule, they do very well in favorable conditions and generally require less maintenance.
Although additional care will be very beneficial for the cultivation of wheat and ensure maximum yield.
Here we will go into more detail about the plant care process for successful wheat cultivation.
Fertilizer: Additional fertilizers are not necessary if you have already prepared the soil in the above manner.
Watering: Several irrigations are needed to grow wheat. The first watering should be done 20-25 days after planting the seeds. And 4-5 additional waterings should be done every 20-25 days after the previous watering.
Cannabis control: You can control most weeds in your field by removing them during land preparation. And more weeding is needed. You can also use chemicals to control weeds.
Pests and diseases
Wheat plants are subject to many pests and diseases. Aphids and termites are common pests for wheat plants.
Leaf rust, powdery mildew, leaf bunt, bunt and stripe or stripe rust are common diseases of wheat.
For more specific advice on managing all of these pests and diseases, consult your local agricultural extension office or other expert.
Harvest
You can expect to start harvesting when the leaves and stem have yellowed and are fairly dry.
Wheat should be harvested before it is ripe to avoid crop loss. Timely harvesting is therefore important and very important for maximum grain quality.
When the moisture content of the grain reaches about 25-30%, the wheat is at the right stage for harvest.
Combines are designed to harvest, thresh and winnow wheat in one operation.
But you can also use serrated sickles for manual cleaning. After completing all the work, store the harvested grain in a safe place.
yield
The exact amount depends on the variety and many other factors. But on average, you can expect up to 2 tons per acre.
wheat nutrition
Wheat is very nutritious and is therefore one of the staple foods. Wheat contains 327 kilocalories per 100 grams and is a rich source of many important nutrients (such as protein, dietary fiber, manganese, phosphorus, and niacin).
Health benefits of wheat
There are a few benefits of eating wheat. Here we describe the notable health benefits of consuming wheat.
- Wheat is an excellent source of carbohydrates and protein.
- Wheat is a good source of fiber and improves metabolism.
- Wheat is a very good source of manganese and magnesium.
- Wheat provides us with some of the essential amino acids.
- Wheat is an excellent source of many nutrients when eaten as a whole grain.
However, these are the usual ways of growing wheat. The whole process of growing wheat is relatively simple and you can start small or large.
But if you are a beginner, we recommend that you start small and grow gradually. The business of growing wheat is lucrative and slowly gaining popularity. To be in a good health!
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