Growing black gram: agricultural business in Urad-Dala for beginners

Black gram cultivation is popular in the Indian subcontinent, particularly in India. It is one of the most important pulses grown in India.

Growing black gram is relatively easy as the plants are hardy and resistant to adverse climatic conditions.

And growing black gram in the field will improve soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in the soil.

black gram (Vina Mungo) – erect, erect or variegated annual herbaceous plant, densely pubescent. The pods are narrow, cylindrical, up to 6 cm long.

Plants can grow from 0.3 to 1 meter. The plants have large pubescent leaves and pods 4-6 cm high.

Black gram is grown primarily from protein-rich seeds. The seeds are used as a dal and as a main ingredient in breakfast snacks such as dosa, idli, vada and papad.

Black gram is especially popular in northern India, where it is mainly used to make dal from whole or ground and shelled seeds.

Black gram seeds are also widely used in South Indian cuisine. It is one of the key ingredients in making idli and dosa batter, in which one part black gram is mixed with 3-4 parts idli rice to make a paste.

Black gram is also very popular in Punjabi cuisine. It is popular in Punjab as an ingredient of dhal mahani.

Black gram is used to make dal, which is usually eaten with bati. And it is used in biulir dal in Bengal.

origin

According to Wikipedia, the black gram originated in India. In India, black gram has been cultivated since ancient times and is one of the most popular legumes in India.

It was also introduced to other tropical regions by Indian immigrants such as the Caribbean, Fiji, Mauritius and Africa.

Other names

Black gram is also known by many other names such as urad bean, minapa pappu, black lentil, mung bean, black matpe bean and is also called white lentil because the inside is white. Black gram is also known by many other names in many local languages ​​of India. In India, the black gram is called Urad in Hindi, Mati Mah in Assamese, Kolai Dal or Biuli Dal in Bengali, Adad in Gujarati, Uddina Bele in Kannada, Uzhunnu in Malayalam, Udid or Udadachi Dal in Marathi, Biri Kaali Dali in Oriya . Daal, Manna or Kaale Maan in Punjabi, Udad Daal in Konkani, Urdu in Tula, Ulundhu in Tamil and Minuma Pappu, Minappappu or Minumulu in Telugu.

How to Start Growing Black Gram

Growing a black gram is relatively easy and straightforward. It is actually grown all over India, but the Andhra coastal areas of Andhra Pradesh are famous for growing black gram.

In particular, Guntur district ranks first in Andhra Pradesh for total black gram production.

However, here we describe more information about growing black gram from planting, tending to harvesting.

Choose a location

First, choose a good place to grow black gram. Black gram generally grows well in fertile soil rich in organic matter.

Plants also need sun and a good drainage system for better growth. Clay or loam is good for growing black gram, but the soil should have a neutral pH.

prepare the terrain

Black gram generally grows well in fertile soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, try to add as much organic matter as possible when preparing the soil.

To prepare the soil, 1-2 plowings with 2-3 cross harrows are enough. Try to remove most of the weeds from the ground as it prepares to grow black gram.

When preparing the soil, it is necessary to make organic and chemical fertilizers.

For commercial cultivation, add 40 kg of phosphorus, 40 kg of potassium and 20 kg of nitrogen per hectare when preparing the soil (you must do a soil test before applying chemical fertilizers).

Climatic requirements for growing black gram

Black gram generally prefers dry weather. The ideal temperature for growing black gram is between 25°C and 35°C. Average rainfall of 600-700mm and a hot and humid climate are ideal for this crop.

Best time to grow black gram

Black gram can be grown twice a year. For the summer season, sow the seeds in February and April. And you can also sow seeds for winter crops in June.

Choose the variety

There are many varieties of black gram with different characteristics. Some popular and widely grown varieties of black gram;

  • Kulu-4
  • Prabhav
  • naveen
  • PDP-71-2
  • UG-218
  • LBG-20
  • LBG-623
  • Azad-1
  • Azad-2
  • Sekhar-1
  • Sekhar-2
  • Mash-114
  • Mash-479
  • WBU-109
  • and much more… ..

You can choose any variety depending on availability in your area. Please check with some of your local farmers for more specific recommendations.

Buy seeds

Buy seeds at one of the local markets or seed shops. Black gram is very popular and its seeds should be readily available in your area. You can also order seeds online.

Seeds per acre

The exact amount may vary depending on the variety you intend to produce. On average, 8-10 kg of seed will suffice per hectare.

planting

Black gram seeds can be sown either by scattering them in the field or by sowing them in rows.

We recommend planting the seeds in rows, as this will greatly facilitate the process of further care.

There should be about 1 foot between rows and about 4 inches between seeds. Sow the seeds about 2 inches deep.

Watering lightly after sowing the seeds will help them germinate faster.

Seed should be treated with a seed treatment fungicide before sowing.

Seed treatment will help reduce infestation by fungal soil pathogens. You can treat the seeds with Bavistin at the rate of 2 grams per kg of seeds.

Care

The extra care will help black gram plants grow well and produce more.

Here we describe additional information on additional care steps for growing black gram.

Fertilizer: Feeding for the growth of black grams is not necessary. In most cases, plants will grow normally if watered regularly.

Watering:

Requires light watering immediately after sowing seeds. And then every 2-3 weeks watering or additional watering is required. Water the plants in the flowering and pod development stages.

Cannabis control: Weed control is very important for growing black gram. You must first eliminate the weeds when preparing the soil. Loosening can help get rid of weeds.

Pests and diseases

Gram plants are susceptible to certain pests and diseases. The most common pests and diseases in Montenegro are anthracnose, jassids, hairy caterpillar, leaf curl, leafhopper, seed rot, YM virus, etc.

You should always keep in touch with an agricultural specialist for good advice on how to deal with all these pests and diseases in your field.

Breeding disease-resistant chickpea varieties is also a good way to control chickpea plant pests and diseases.

Harvest

Depending on the variety, cereal crops of black gramplast are ready for harvest 2 to 3 months after sowing the seeds.

You can determine harvest time when the pods and the whole plant begin to dry out.

The seeds will be hard and have low moisture content when ready to harvest. Harvest the whole plant.

After harvest, dry the plants in the sun. And to remove the seeds from the pods, thresh the plants with a stick or thresher.

yield

Total income depends on many different factors. On average, you can expect yields of 800 to 1100 kg per acre.

Black Gram Nutrition

Black gram is very nutritious and healthy. It contains very high levels of protein, potassium, iron, calcium, niacin, thiamine and riboflavin.

India is the largest producer of black gram. Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Bihar, Jharkhand and Tamil Nadu are the major black gram producing states in India.

However, you can reap good profits from this business if you follow all the steps mentioned above exactly. Good luck!

You can bookmark this page